In the same year, the first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented and flown, powered by lift from a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. It comes from the Greek and means “maker of water”. In 1783 Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, coined the French equivalent of the word hydrogen, which became its official name. He is credited with discovering hydrogen as a discrete substance. In 1766 Henry Cavendish showed that this “flammable air” (hydrogen) was distinct from other combustible gases due to its density and confirmed that water was formed when hydrogen burned. In 1671 Robert Boyle discovered the reaction of acids and iron filings which resulted in producing hydrogen. In the mid 1600s Paracelsus noted that a flammable gas was given off when iron was dissolved in sulfuric acid, but confused it with other flammable gases. The production of hydrogen had been going on for years before it was actually discovered and named as an element. Hydrogen gas is produced by algae, by certain bacteria and is a natural component of flatus, as is methane. Hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the surface of the Earth, found especially in chemical compounds like hydrocarbons and water. As solar winds they interact with the magnetosphere of the Earth, creating the aurora and Birkeland currents. Its charged particles are highly influenced by magnetic and electrical fields. Hydrogen is found in abundance in Jupiter. Hydrogen produces the light from the stars and the sun. Molecular clouds of H 2 are associated with star formation. Hydrogen is found in huge amounts in stars and giant gas planets. Kinetic energy is distributed faster through it than any other gas. Hydrogen has the greatest heat conductivity of all elements. It has unique properties not shared by other elements. Therefore it is not a part of any family or group on the periodic table. Hydrogen is the only molecule without neutrons. It is so light that Earth’s gravity cannot hold it in the atmosphere and little “free” hydrogen atoms are found on Earth. Hydrogen is approximately 14 times lighter than air. Hydrogen has the lowest density of all gases. Hydrogen is estimated to make up more than 90 percent of all atoms and 75 percent of the mass of the universe. About 10 percent of any living organisms’ weight is hydrogen, mainly in proteins, fat, and water. Hydrogen is present in all vegetable and animal tissue plus petroleum, as part of countless carbon compounds. It is highly flammable but does not ignite unless an oxidizer and ignition source are present. Hydrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless and nontoxic. Hydrogen is transparent to visible and infrared light, and to ultraviolet light at certain wavelengths. The earliest known chemical property of hydrogen is that it burns with oxygen to form water (H 2O). A molecule of hydrogen is the simplest of all of all molecules, being composed of two protons and two electrons. The hydrogen (H) atom has a nucleus consisting of one proton with one unit of positive electrical charge and one electron, with one unit of negative electrical charge. It is the lightest element on the periodic table, with a standard atomic weight of 1.008. On Earth, hydrogen ranks ninth among the elements in abundance. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, three times more abundant than helium (the second most widely occurring element). With these 57 facts about Hydrogen, let us learn more about it. It is the first element of the periodic table and occurs on Earth in vast quantities of water in the ocean, the ice packs, rivers and lakes. Hydrogen is a gas that naturally exists in the universe.
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